法國違反歐洲人權法院裁決驅逐一名涉嫌激進的烏茲別克人
2023 年 11 月 14 日，法國違反了歐洲人權法院的裁決驅逐一名涉嫌伊斯蘭極端分子的烏茲別克國民出境。法國政府在一所學校門前發生造成一名教師死亡、另外三人受傷的恐怖襲擊事件一個多月後採取了這一有爭議的行動。
2023年11月14日，一名涉嫌激進並被列入法國的《恐怖主義激進化預防資料庫》的烏茲別克國民被驅逐出境，返回烏茲別克首都塔什幹。 該資料庫包含被視為對國家構成威脅的個人的詳細資訊。儘管歐洲人權法院因擔心受害者在其原籍國可能遭受酷刑而明確禁止驅逐，但法國政府依然執行了這項行動。驅逐者的律師緊急將此事轉交給行政法院，但此次行動還是在行政法院進行裁決之前進行了。
《歐洲人權公約》第 3 條禁止成員國將外國人驅逐回原籍國，如果這種驅逐有嚴重且已證實的風險，可能會使驅逐者面臨酷刑，或者不人道或有辱人格待遇或懲罰的風險。
這是法國第一次公然違反歐洲人權法院的裁定而驅逐外國人出境，但可能不是最後一次。事實上，2023年10月法國北部阿拉斯一所學校門前發生一名教師持刀遇難事件後，法國內政部Gerald Darmanin（傑拉爾德·達爾馬寧）加強了反對伊斯蘭激進化的語調。他宣稱「所有被我們情報部門視為危險的外國人都將被有案有理地驅逐」，並強調法國政府對這些危險人士採取的「堅定路線」。 從那時起，部長就定期在社群媒體上發布驅逐出境的公告。 2023 年 11 月 18 日，他報告說，另外 15 名外國罪犯已被驅逐出境。
據他的律師稱，11月14日被驅逐出境的烏茲別克國民在抵達烏茲別克斯坦後被捕並「全身剃光」，目前正在等待審判。
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參考資料：
Julia Pascual（2023年12月1日）。法國首次推翻歐洲人權法院決定實施驅逐。Le Monde。可於以下網址查閱：https://www.lemonde.fr/societe /article/2023/12/01/la-france-procede-a-l-expulsion-en-passant-outre-une-decision-de-la-cedh-pour-la-premiere-fois_6203343_3224.html（瀏覽日期：2023年12月5日）；
France 24 avec AFP （2023年10月15日)。 達爾馬寧呼籲「有案有理地驅逐任何被認為危險的外國人」。France 24。可於以下網址查閱：https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20231015-darmanin-demande-l-expulsion-syst%C3%A9matique-de-tout-%C3%A9tranger-consid%C3%A9r%C3%A9-comme-dangereux（瀏覽日期：2023年12月5日）；
Cnews （2023年11月18日)。移民：傑拉爾德·達爾馬寧宣布，本週五有 15 名新的外國罪犯被驅逐出境。CNEWS。可於以下網址查閱：https://www.cnews.fr/france/2023-11-18/immigration-15-nouveaux-etrangers-delinquants-expulses-ce-vendredi-selon-gerald（瀏覽日期：2023年12月5日）。
聲明: 這篇文章是原創作品，所有引用的文件、數據、照片和資料均已列在文章底部的「參考資料」部分。
France Violates ECHR Decision by Deporting Suspected Radicalized Uzbek
Source: https://www.pexels.com/zh-tw/photo/104826/
On November 14, 2023, an Uzbek national suspected of being a radicalized Islamist was deported from France in violation of a decision by the European Court of Human Rights (“ECHR”). This controversial action was taken by the French government a little more than a month after a teacher was killed and three other people injured in a terrorist knife attack in front of a school.
On November 14, 2023, an Uzbek national was deported from France back to Toshkent, Uzbekistan, on grounds that he was radicalized and listed in France’s Terrorist Radicalization Prevention Database, which contains the details of individuals deemed to pose a threat to the country. This government action was carried out despite a decision by the ECHR expressly prohibiting the deportation due to concerns that the victim would be subjected to torture in his country of origin. It was also conducted before the administrative court, to which the matter was referred in emergency by the lawyer of the deported individual, could adjudicate.
Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights bars member states from deporting foreign nationals back to their country of origin when there is a serious and proven risk that such deportation could expose them to the risk of being subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
This was the very first time France deported a foreigner in blatant violation of a decision by the ECHR, but probably not the last. As a matter of fact, following the terrorist knife attack in which a teacher lost his life in front of a school in Arras, Northern France, in October 2023, the French Ministry of the Interior, Gerald Darmanin, has sharpened his tone against Islamic radicalization. He declared that “all foreigners deemed dangerous by our intelligence services would be systematically expulsed,” emphasizing the “firmness of the line” taken by the French government against these dangerous individuals. Since then, the Minister has been regularly posting announcements of deportations on social media. On November 18, 2023, he reported that fifteen other foreigners had already been deported.
According to his lawyer, the Uzbek national who was deported on November 14 was arrested and “entirely shaved” upon his arrival in Uzbekistan, and is now awaiting trial.
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Reference Materials:
- Julia Pascual (December 1, 2023). La France procède à l’expulsion en passant outre une décision de la CEDH pour la première fois. Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/societe /article/2023/12/01/la-france-procede-a-l-expulsion-en-passant-outre-une-decision-de-la-cedh-pour-la-premiere-fois_6203343_3224.html (Accessed: December 5, 2023);
- France 24 avec AFP (October 15, 2023). Darmanin demande l'"expulsion systématique de tout étranger considéré comme dangereux". France 24. Darmanin demande l'"expulsion systématique de tout étranger considéré comme dangereux" (france24.com) (Accessed: December 5, 2023) ;
- Cnews (November 18, 2023). Immigration : 15 nouveaux étrangers délinquants expulsés ce vendredi, annonce Gérald Darmanin. CNEWS. Immigration : 15 nouveaux étrangers délinquants expulsés ce vendredi, selon Gérald Darmanin (cnews.fr) (Accessed: December 5, 2023).
Statement: This article is an original work of authorship, and all referenced documents, data, photos, and materials have been listed in the "Reference Materials" section located at the bottom of the article.
by 黃愷蜜 顧問