2022 年 11 月 24 日，法國國民議會以多數票通過了將墮胎權寫入憲法的提案，這主要是由于美國和波蘭最近嚴厲限制了墮胎法。

 

如果法國參議院通過該提議，則能够將保證「自願終止妊娠權的有效性和平等獲得權」的條款納入法國憲法。墮胎權將成爲一項基本權利，幷因此獲得法國法律制度下最高級別的保護。

 

修改憲法也需要進行全民公决，但民意調查顯示，超過 80% 的法國選民會投贊成票。

 

在法國，自 1975 年首次將墮胎合法化以來，墮胎權就受到法律保護。當時，婦女有權在懷孕十周以內流産。良心條款允許（現在仍然如此）醫生拒絕參與墮胎。

 

墮胎的時限在 2001 年延長至 12 周，然後在今年 3 月延長至 14 周。多年來，其他墮胎法被通過了，例如將：建立妨害自願終止妊娠的犯罪（1993年）；向每個人提供緊急避孕藥具（2000 年）；允許未成年人秘密墮胎以及取消適用于外國人的一切墮胎限制（2001年）；規定全額報銷所有婦女的墮胎費用（2013年）；從訴諸墮胎的條件中删除痛苦的概念（2014 年）。

 

儘管圍繞墮胎的法律框架似乎頗具保護性，但大多數法國國民議會成員認爲，將墮胎權寫入憲法將有助于防止任何“倒退”，如美國和波蘭正在執行的墮胎禁令。

 

參考數據：French vote for right to abortion in constitution - BBC News | IVG : un droit garanti par la loi | IVG.GOUV.FR N°Vert 0800 08 11 11

 

French National Assembly adopted a bid to enshrine the right to abortion in the constitution 

 

On November 24th, 2022, the French National Assembly adopted by a large majority a bid to enshrine the right to abortion in the constitution, prompted largely by recent tightening of abortion laws in the United States and Poland. 

 

If the bid is adopted by the Senate, a clause guaranteeing "the effectiveness and equal access to the right to end pregnancy voluntarily" could be incorporated in the French constitution. The right to abortion would become a fundamental right and, as such, receive the highest level of protection available under the French legal system. 

 

A change of constitution would also need to be put to a referendum, but opinion polls suggest more than 80% of French voters would vote in favor. 

 

In France, the right to abortion has been protected by law since 1975, when abortion was first decriminalized. At that time, women were authorized to abort up to ten weeks of pregnancy. A conscience clause allowed (and still does allow) medical practitioners to refuse to take a part in abortions. 

 

The time limit for abortion was then extended to twelve weeks in 2001, then to fourteen weeks in March this year. Over the years, other abortion laws have been adopted which for instance create the offense of obstructing the voluntary termination of pregnancy (1993), make emergency contraception available to everyone (2000), allow minors access to abortion in secret and remove restrictions on access to abortion for foreigners (2001), provide for the complete reimbursement of abortion costs for all women (2013), remove the notion of distress from the conditions for recourse to abortion (2014).

 

Even though the legal framework surrounding abortion appears to be quite protective, a majority of the French National Assembly members believe that enshrining the right to abortion in the Constitution would help prevent any “backsliding” as seen in the United States and Poland, where abortion bans are now being enforced. 

 

Reference materials: French vote for right to abortion in constitution - BBC News | IVG : un droit garanti par la loi | IVG.GOUV.FR N°Vert 0800 08 11 11